佛塔的轉型與當代應用-以佛光山佛陀紀念館為例
Due to the reappearance of the Buddha’s tooth relic, a new Buddhist stupa, the Fo Guang Shan Buddha Memorial Center, was erected in Taiwan. Questions about the reason,the way, the size, the form, the function and even the meaning of this new stupa have roused many discussions. Through the development of Buddhist stupas, we see multiple variations of Buddhist stupa have been created. In China, Buddhist stupas have developed a unique form of its own – the Chinese pagoda. As a lineage of Chinese Ch’an Buddhism,Venerable Master Hsing Yun not only follows the Chinese pagoda form and build the stupa but also highlights the modern Buddhist stupa with ancient Indian origin. The development of the forms of Buddhist stupa and what contemporary application can be used to a Buddhist stupa are the issues that this study would like to talk about.In this research, the origin and the meaning of the Buddhist stupa are discussed from the ancient Indian stupa origin to the Chinese Buddhist pagodas. Variations in forms and functions of Buddhist stupas and Chinese pagodas through times are briefly introduced.With the understanding of the development of Buddhist stupas, the way Fo Guang Shan built the Buddha Memorial Center can be examined and compared with former Buddhist stupas. Through some findings, the importance and uniqueness of a contemporary Buddhist stupa are presented in the discussions of the transformation and the contemporary application of the Buddha Memorial Center. The Fo Guang Shan Buddha Memorial Center not only preserves and represents the essence of the Buddha’s teachings but also creates some new possibilities of architectural applications of a Buddhist stupa.From the study of the BMC, we find that a Buddhist stupa or a pagoda in modern society is no longer an isolated building with basic functions as a reliquary or a memorial as it later turned to be, the BMC has shown an example of how a stupa can be used for holding multiple Buddhist activities that meet the need of modern society with the help of modern facilities and techniques. With this new Buddhist stupa, publics are able to come to this Buddhist site and get to know more about the Buddha’s teachings through the embodiment of the Buddhist stupas and other Buddhist architectures.
Keywords:Buddhist stupa, Fo Guang Shan, Buddha Memorial Center, pagoda, relic
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